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For growth-focused marketing leaders, understanding unit economics is fundamental to driving scalable and profitable business growth. Regardless of the year or shifting digital landscapes, unit economics underpin all successful marketing strategies.
Unit economics measure the direct revenue and costs tied to each transaction, lead, or customer. They answer the critical question: Is acquiring each customer truly profitable?
Key metrics include:
When LTV significantly exceeds CAC, the business model is positioned for lasting profitability, even as technology, platforms, or consumer behaviors change.
Good unit economics means that the lifetime value of a customer exceeds the cost of acquiring them, indicating a profitable business model.
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How do you figure out your CAC and what is a good benchmark? In other words, how much should you be spending to get a new client or customer?
The answer is of course, every marketer’s favorite response; “it depends”. More specifically, it varies by what your Average Revenue per Customer (ARPC) is.
There’re different ways to calculate ARPC but a good starting point is to take your total revenue over a period (year or month) and divide this by the number of customers you had during the same period.
(Revenue)/(Customers) = ARPC
To keep things simple, let’s say your revenue for the year is $1M and you had 1k customers. This gives you an ARPC of $1000.
If you know how much you make from a customer, you’ll know how much you can spend to get one. So, in the above example, you can spend up to $999 to acquire a customer and you’ll still make a profit. Of course, you’d want to account for Gross Margin and operating costs, and you’d probably want to make more than $1 in profit, but you get the picture.
Using this data, take a look at your current marketing activities to see which channels are presenting the greatest opportunity and plan to start with one.
Over time you’ll want to optimize to increase your ARPC while decreasing your CAC on each channel.
With this info you can aggressively market and grow your business as you understand fundamentally how profitable your customer acquisition strategy is.
Without it, you might look at a particular paid channel and see a CPC (Cost Per Click) that you might consider hugely “expensive”. While in reality, the CPC you see might be making you 10x profit versus the cost of that channel.
Relying solely on one acquisition channel is risky. Platforms evolve, algorithms change, and what works today may not work tomorrow. The most resilient marketing programs build and maintain multiple flows of qualified traffic—balancing paid channels (like search and social ads) with owned and earned media (SEO, newsletters, partnerships).
This layered approach ensures consistent lead generation and protects growth momentum against changes in any single channel.
Ultimately, understanding and acting on unit economics is an ongoing, dynamic process. This discipline not only optimizes marketing spend but also forms the foundation of a scalable, adaptable, and future-proof growth strategy.
